The anterior commissure tendon (see Anatomy & Physiology of Voice Production)īlood vessels that connect larger vessels and together form a network within the bodyĪn important “player” in the metabolism of copper, Ceruloplasmin transports and maintains appropriate levels of copper in tissues in Wilson’s Disease, low levels of ceruloplasmin are seenĪ cough that has lasted an abnormally long time X-ray imaging of the food pipe during swallowingĪ specific type of abnormal surface appearance of the esophagus due to replacement of the normal surface cells often seen as an ulcer and can be premalignantĪ part of the brain that is likely involved in spasmodic dysphonia (SD) located deep in the cerebral hemispheres and the upper brainstormĪ layer of extracellular material upon which the surface cells restĪ test in which a physician removes a small piece of the possibly abnormal tissue to examine under a microscopeĪ short-lasting medical formulation that can be injected into the vocal fold to temporarily limit mobility (can be used to treat vocal fold granulomaĮxamination of the airway above the lungs using an instrument (scope) that also allows for biopsy and culture Restricted joint motion of the arytenoid joint that can lead to abnormal-sounding voice and even incomplete closure of the vocal folds, which can lead to aspirationĬhoking or coughing when swallowing food, drink or even saliva that “goes down the wrong way” (entering the breathing passage)Īn abnormal tilt of the vocal folds during high pitch sound-making

Pair of pyramid-shaped cartilages to which the vocal folds are attached in the back of the voice box spaced well apart for normal breathing come together for sound production T3 = complete non-movement of one vocal fold T4 = invades thyroid cartilage or structures outside of the voice boxĪ dye used in photodynamic therapy that is activated and results in chemical alteration of said dye converting it to a form that can kill cells which contain the activated dyeĭifficulty verbally expressing words, although the individual knows what he wants to say An increased level of acid (measured by low pH) can lead to stomach ulcers, heartburn, and esophagitis Within the stomach, these are chemical substances that help break up (digest) food. Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM Spasms in muscles that open vocal folds and interrupt speech, causing breathy or soundless voice breaks For further details and copyright information, please refer to NCBI’s Disclaimer and Copyright Notice. The copyright on the abstracts found in the results of any given search are not held by the NLM, but by the individual journals in which they were published. National Library of Medicine (NLM) are being conducted on the NLM website. Note on External Content All searches for related content at PubMed at the U.S. If you would like to search PubMed for information not related to voice medicine, you may start your search here. The search results presented here are designed to only include voice-related materials. To return to this site, please close the new window or click on this window to bring it back to the front. All search results are presented in a new browser window.

Any of these might cause a voice disorder.Terms A-E | Terms F-J | Terms K-O | Terms P-S | Terms T-Z If vocal cords become swollen, or inflamed, develop growths or can't move as they should, they can't work properly.

The vocal cords also help close the voice box during swallowing to stop you from breathing in food or liquid. The vocal cords vibrate to create sound.Īir moving through the voice box causes the vocal cords to vibrate and brings them closer together. The voice box sits at the top of the windpipe, also known as the trachea, and the base of the tongue. The voice box, also called the larynx, is made of a smooth covering, muscle and soft, moist areas.

External voice box